Android Development

This part is not a real part 3 but it is an enhanced implementation of Part II by Dave ( drbixler [at] gmail [dot] com ) who wrote this part as a guest author. Thank you Dave!

While reading the post, you should already look at the code so first download it: Cell Map Enhanced

I’ve been working on my first Android application for a few months now (evening work so it’s taking me a little longer than I had hoped). My game requires a 2D map of cells that can scroll in any direction. Having looked around for examples I stumbled across this series and went to work. I tend to be the type of person that “adopts, changes, and enhances” when I use code I find on the internet. I’m very particular about what my code looks like, how it’s commented, etc. What I ended up with was a reusable 2D map scrolling framework that could smoothly scroll in any direction and also supported “fling” scrolling. I’ve also put in the basics of zooming, though didn’t take the plunge into pinch zoom. Again, I completely redid a lot of the code from the 2nd part of this series but there are still some similarities.
I’m going to only really focus on one or two specific classes because most of the code provided is very short and self-explanatory. I make it a point to comment verbosely so that should help as well.
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The second part of this series will show you how you can scroll smoothly over the simple 2D Map which was created in the first part.

Note: I changed my coding style to fit the Java/Android coding style. Please be aware that variables like _mapSize are now mMapSize.

The performance issue we discovered in the first part was awful and no one will play a game which needs seconds to draw another frame. But why do we have this performance issue?
Do you remember how we draw the Map? We go trough the map in a loop and draw each cell. If our map has only a size of 10, everything is fine, but if we go to 100 and more, we draw a lot of cells and most of them are not on our display. And thats the mistake: We use resources and time to draw cells we don’t see.
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This how to will show you how you can create a simple 2D Map with Cells to place stuff on it. Just like the old school SimCity.

The first thing you need is an Activity with a SurfaceView and a Thread to trigger the drawing. Who doesn’t know these fundamentals, please read my series on 2d graphics first.

Lets start with the smallest unit for our map: the Cell.
Each Cell will have a background color and a unique ID.

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package com.droidnova.android.games;
 
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
 
/**
 * A part of the map.
 */
public class Cell {
    public int _id = 0;
    public int _backgroundColor = Color.GREEN;
 
    /**
     * Konstruktor.
     * @param id
     */
    public Cell(int id) {
        _id = id;
    }
 
    /**
     * Draw the cell
     *  
     * @param canvas Canvas to draw on.
     * @param paint Color of the "pencil".
     * @param x X coordinate.
     * @param y Y coordinate.
     */
    public void draw(Canvas canvas, Paint paint, int x, int y) {
        paint.setColor(_backgroundColor);
        canvas.drawRect(x, y, x + CellMap._cellSize, y + CellMap._cellSize, paint);
 
        paint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        canvas.drawText("" + _id, x + 1, y + 10, paint);
    }
}

On line 32 you see, how we draw the cell. The variable _cellSize is a static variable from CellMap, which will be introduced later. Everything else should be already known.
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Sometimes I am a bit over motivated. Thats the reason I upgraded my Ubuntu to 9.10 RC1 yesterday.
Nearly everything worked fine and after 90 minutes downloading and installing Ubuntu 9.10 booted the first time.
The disillusion followed today: What happened with my Eclipse installation?
The LogCat view has no logging type buttons, the Devices view has lost its button for stopping processes and some windows don’t accept a mouse click on their buttons (mostly the OK button). I have to press Enter to get them work.

After a short search I found this bug report for ubuntu: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gtk+2.0/+bug/442078

A workaround is also mentioned there:

Create a launch script for eclipse with the following code:

#!/bin/sh
GDK_NATIVE_WINDOWS=1 /path/to/eclipse

I am not sure if Ubuntu is responsible or Eclipse, but after using this launch script, everything worked fine.

In today’s tutorial I am going to show you my method of creating, managing and using sound effects in Android. In this first part I’ll show you the basic method of encapsulating your sound management code. This method works best when you have a typical application, or simple game all in one thread. After you have read this check out Part 2 which will show you a more advanced way to manage your sound across multiple classes.

The method I use to play sounds is to use the Sound Pool classes rather then the Media Player classes that the Android dev-guide seems to suggest. While there is nothing wrong with using the Media Player classes for simple applications they did not provide the flexibility I needed.
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Many Applications, mostly games, on the market show splash screens. With this screen they prompt a logo for the application and/or the author.
I will show you a short way to implement a splash screen which will occur on every startup, will stay for a number of seconds you can define, will close on touching the screen and will not reappear on pressing the back button.

I created an empty project named SplashScreen with the activity SplashScreen. This activity will display the splash screen, so we have to create a new activity which will be the first real view you want to display. In my case this activity is named MyApp.
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Android is a great platform which makes creating applications for mobile devices much easier than before. But in the progress of creating your applications you are bound to face bugs. For this purpose you need a good understanding of debugging your software. In this article I will explain how to debug your applications using the Eclipse IDE with the Android plugins.

We’ll use the Android Debug Bridge (ADB) which basically is a tool that runs on both your android platform (emulator or device) and your development computer. The ADB can be used via the command line interface, or just simply via Eclipse. We will be using Eclipse to debug since it’s much easier. If you are debugging on a device, you first have to enable USB debugging. Go to the settings of the machine > software > development > USB-debugging (or something like that, my phone is Dutch!)
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As requested here is a sample tutorial in how to create a menu system for games in Android. Sorry for the delay but this tutorials take time to code test and write up. Anyway I hope you find it useful.

Before I jump into the code I’m going to take a second to explain my way of coding menus in Android. As we all know Android is built on the concept of activities. If you have been following earlier tutorials you already know how to create activities which can display graphics and deal with player input. But what if you want several different screens, such as options or credits? You could code them all into one activity but you would end up with a bloated and hard to maintain class.
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If you read my last tutorial entry here, then you may have come across a problem with the code.

If you load several large bitmaps using the BitmapFactory class to decode the bitmap you application will give you the dreaded force close dialogue box. A quick look in the logcat shows that a bitmap exceeds the virtual machine memory budget.

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ERROR/AndroidRuntime(750): Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: bitmap size exceeds VM budget

You may wonder how its possible that a few PNG’s can take up all the 16 mb of memory allocation for an application.
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Today we learn how you can create an option menu for your application.
Lets start with an empty android project. The package name will be com.droidnova.android.howto.optionmenu and the activity will have the name SimpleOptionMenu.

Our activity should now look very familiar to us:

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package com.droidnova.android.howto.optionmenu;
 
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
 
public class SimpleOptionMenu extends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
    }
}

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